The high temperatures recorded in Córdoba during the summer pose a significant health risk, particularly for individuals with complex chronic conditions. The Andalusian Society of Internal Medicine (Sademi) warns that these extreme heat episodes can lead to the decompensation of previously stable pathologies, resulting in up to a 20% increase in hospital admissions for these patients.
Internal medicine physicians point out that heat causes physiological changes such as dehydration, electrolyte imbalances, and thermal stress, which can trigger heart failure, acute kidney deterioration, metabolic decompensations, or worsening of respiratory diseases.
The president of Sademi, Dr. José Luis Zambrana, explains that patients with heart failure, kidney disease, diabetes, or respiratory conditions require particularly close monitoring, as they have a higher probability of suffering complications.
Patients with heart failure face difficulties in maintaining fluid balance and managing congestion, exacerbated by diuretic treatments. Those with chronic kidney disease have a reduced capacity to adapt to fluid loss, increasing the risk of acute kidney failure. In diabetics, dehydration hinders metabolic control. Obesity is also a relevant risk factor as it impedes the body's heat dissipation.
Prevention and early identification of warning signs are crucial. Dr. Zambrana emphasizes that heatwaves are a public health issue, and protecting chronically ill patients is a shared responsibility. It is recommended to maintain adequate hydration, avoid sun exposure and intense physical activity during the hottest hours, stay in cool, well-ventilated places, and wear light clothing.
It is important to monitor for symptoms such as dizziness, weakness, decreased urine output, difficulty breathing, rapid weight gain due to fluid retention, or altered mental state. Frequent contact with the elderly or those living alone is also advised, along with consulting healthcare professionals for any signs of decompensation.
Certain treatments, including diuretics, some antihypertensives, and certain antidiabetic drugs, may require special supervision during intense heat. Sademi stresses that patients should never stop or alter their medication on their own initiative and should always consult a doctor.
